Blood Bank / Transfusion Medicine
Blood typing, antibody screens, compatibility testing, and transfusion laboratory methods.
Concise Blood Bank / Transfusion Medicine laboratory test references for rapid Medical Laboratory Science lookup: specimen requirements, methods, reference values, interpretation, and laboratory pearls.
26 references in this catalogue
Catalogue references
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ABO Blood Grouping
Forward and reverse typing to assign ABO group; the most critical pretransfusion identity test in immunohematology.
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Adsorption
Removal of antibody from plasma by incubation with selected red cells; separates autoantibodies from underlying alloantibodies or prepares adsorbed serum for crossmatching.
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AHG Crossmatch
Antiglobulin-phase (IAT) crossmatch detecting IgG incompatibility between patient plasma and donor red cells; required when unexpected antibodies are present or per institutional policy.
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Antibody Identification
Panel testing to determine specificity of unexpected red cell antibodies detected on screen; guides antigen-negative unit selection.
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Antibody Screen
Detection of unexpected red cell alloantibodies in patient plasma/serum using screening cells; core pretransfusion test with ABO/Rh typing.
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Antigen Typing
Targeted typing of patient or donor red cells for a specific blood group antigen using antisera or molecular prediction.
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Blood Component Quality Control
Laboratory QC of blood components (RBCs, platelets, plasma, cryoprecipitate); volume, hematocrit/content, leukocyte residual counts, bacterial testing, and other standards-defined measurements.
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Cold Agglutinin Titer
Semiquantitative titration of cold-reactive antibodies (typically IgM anti-I/i); supports cold agglutinin disease evaluation and explains ABO/XM discrepancies at room temperature.
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Compatibility Testing
End-to-end pretransfusion laboratory process . ABO/Rh typing, antibody screen, and crossmatch/electronic issue; ensuring the right blood for the right patient.
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Cord Blood Testing
ABO/Rh typing and DAT (± elution) on neonatal cord blood; evaluates HDFN risk and guides neonatal transfusion/RhIG maternal pathways.
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Crossmatch
Serologic or electronic compatibility test between patient plasma and donor red cells before RBC issue; demonstrates ABO compatibility and detects incompatibility from unexpected antibodies.
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Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
Detects in vivo coating of red cells with IgG and/or complement; key test in hemolysis, HDFN, and transfusion reaction workups.
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Electronic Crossmatch
Computer-assisted release of ABO-compatible RBCs without serologic crossmatch when validated LIS criteria are met (two ABO types, negative antibody screen, no history of clinically significant antibodies).
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Elution
Removal and recovery of antibodies bound to red cells for testing; used after positive DAT to identify the coating antibody.
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Extended Phenotyping
Serologic (or molecular) typing for multiple non-ABO/RhD red cell antigens; used to provide antigen-matched blood for alloimmunized or chronically transfused patients.
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Fetomaternal Hemorrhage Testing
Laboratory estimation of fetal red cells in maternal blood to guide RhIG dosing after delivery or antenatal sensitizing events; typically a screen (rosette) plus quantitative method (KB or flow).
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Flow Cytometric FMH
Flow cytometric quantitation of fetal red cells (anti-HbF and/or anti-D based); preferred precise alternative to Kleihauer–Betke for FMH measurement.
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Immediate Spin Crossmatch
Room-temperature immediate-spin phase crossmatch detecting ABO incompatibility; does not reliably detect most IgG alloantibodies.
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Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)
Detects in vitro sensitization of red cells after incubation with plasma/serum and AHG; the serologic engine behind antibody screens, AHG crossmatches, and weak D testing.
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Kleihauer-Betke Test
Acid elution stain quantifying HbF-containing fetal red cells in maternal blood; classic FMH quantitative method, more subjective than flow cytometry.
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Massive Transfusion Testing
Laboratory support for massive transfusion protocols (MTP); rapid ABO/Rh, emergency release, ongoing type-and-screen, and communication of component ratios rather than a single assay.
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Prenatal Antibody Titer
Serial titration of maternal alloantibodies (commonly anti-D and other clinically significant IgG) to monitor risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
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Rh(D) Typing
Serologic detection of RhD antigen on red cells; determines RhD-positive vs RhD-negative status for transfusion and perinatal care.
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Rosette Test
Qualitative screen for D-positive fetal red cells in D-negative maternal blood; positive results require FMH quantitation for RhIG dosing.
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Transfusion Reaction Investigation
Standardized laboratory workup of suspected transfusion reactions; clerical check, visual hemolysis, ABO/Rh retype, DAT, and extended testing directed by reaction type.
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Weak D Testing
Indirect antiglobulin (or equivalent) phase testing for weak RhD expression when direct anti-D typing is negative or discrepant; policies differ for patients vs donors.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about using this Blood Bank / Transfusion Medicine laboratory test catalogue Medical Laboratory Library reference in Medical Laboratory Science education.
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This Medical Laboratory Library catalogue lists published Blood Bank laboratory tests for rapid reference lookup, including specimen, method, reference values, and interpretation sections where available.
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