Immunology & Serology
Serologic assays, immunologic markers, and immunology laboratory methods.
Concise Immunology & Serology laboratory test references for rapid Medical Laboratory Science lookup: specimen requirements, methods, reference values, interpretation, and laboratory pearls.
58 references in this catalogue
Catalogue references
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Anti-CCP
Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides; higher specificity for rheumatoid arthritis than RF in most clinical contexts.
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Anti-dsDNA
Antibodies to double-stranded DNA; supportive for SLE diagnosis and sometimes used in activity assessment depending on method and clinical context.
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Anti-HBc
Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (total or IgM); distinguishes infection-derived exposure from vaccine-only immunity.
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Anti-HBe
Antibody to hepatitis B e antigen; appears after HBeAg seroconversion in many chronic HBV pathways.
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Anti-HBs
Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen; marker of vaccine-derived or infection-derived immunity when interpreted with the HBV panel.
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Anti-HCV
Hepatitis C antibody screening immunoassay; reactive results require HCV RNA (or antigen) confirmation of current infection.
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Anti-TPO
Thyroid peroxidase antibodies; autoimmune thyroid disease serology (Hashimoto thyroiditis and associated contexts).
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Anticardiolipin Antibodies
IgG/IgM (and sometimes IgA) anticardiolipin immunoassays; part of antiphospholipid antibody laboratory criteria with anti-β2GPI and lupus anticoagulant.
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Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)
IFA patterns (c-ANCA/p-ANCA) with antigen-specific PR3 and MPO immunoassays used in vasculitis laboratory workups.
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Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
Screening test for antibodies to nuclear antigens . IFA on HEp-2 cells remains the reference screening method in many guidelines; report titer and pattern.
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ASO
Antistreptolysin O titer; serologic evidence of prior Streptococcus pyogenes infection; used in post-streptococcal complication workups.
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Brucella Serology
Agglutination and/or ELISA serology for Brucella antibodies; supports brucellosis diagnosis with culture/epidemiology; interpret titers with local cutoffs.
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C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Acute-phase protein measured by immunoassay or immunoturbidimetry; nonspecific inflammation marker distinct from high-sensitivity CRP cardiovascular assays.
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CH50 (Total Complement Activity)
Functional assay of classical pathway complement activity; screens for complement deficiency and consumption states.
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CMV IgG
Cytomegalovirus IgG; documents past exposure/immunity; paired sera or avidity assess recent infection timing.
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CMV IgM
Cytomegalovirus IgM serology; supports recent/primary CMV infection but is prone to false positives and persistence; avidity/PCR often needed.
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Complement C3
Quantitative C3 complement protein; consumed in classical and alternative pathway activation; interpreted with C4 and clinical context.
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Complement C4
Quantitative C4 complement protein; decreases with classical pathway activation; interpreted with C3.
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COVID-19 Antibody Tests
SARS-CoV-2 spike and/or nucleocapsid antibody immunoassays; document adaptive immune response to infection or vaccination; not for diagnosing acute COVID-19.
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Dengue IgM / IgG
Dengue antibody serology . IgM supports recent infection; IgG patterns help distinguish primary vs secondary responses when interpreted with timing and NS1/PCR.
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Dengue NS1
Dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 antigen immunoassay; useful in early acute dengue (first days of fever), often combined with IgM/IgG.
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EBV Serology
Epstein–Barr virus antibody panel (VCA IgM/IgG, EBNA IgG, ± EA); patterns distinguish acute, past, and susceptibility states.
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ENA Panel
Extractable nuclear antigen antibody panel (e.g., Sm, RNP, SSA/Ro, SSB/La, Scl-70, Jo-1); reflex testing after ANA or targeted autoimmune evaluation.
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Ferritin
Iron-storage protein measured by immunoassay; reflects iron stores when inflammation is absent and rises as an acute-phase reactant when inflammation is present.
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FTA-ABS
Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test; classic confirmatory treponemal immunofluorescence assay.
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H. pylori Antibodies
Serologic IgG (sometimes IgA/IgM) to Helicobacter pylori; indicates exposure; does not confirm active infection and is not preferred for eradication testing.
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HAV IgG
IgG antibody to hepatitis A virus; indicates past infection or vaccination immunity (assay-dependent total anti-HAV reporting).
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HAV IgM
IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus; laboratory marker supporting acute HAV infection.
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HBeAg
Hepatitis B e antigen; marker associated with higher viral replication in HBV infection; interpreted with anti-HBe and HBV DNA.
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HBsAg
Hepatitis B surface antigen immunoassay; primary marker of current HBV infection (acute or chronic) when confirmed.
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HEV Serology
Hepatitis E virus IgM/IgG serology; supports HEV diagnosis where assays are validated; RNA testing used when available for acute disease.
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High-Sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP)
Low-range CRP immunoassay used primarily for cardiovascular risk stratification; not a substitute for standard CRP in acute infection workups.
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HIV Ag/Ab
Fourth-generation HIV screening immunoassay detecting HIV-1/2 antibodies and p24 antigen; followed by differentiation and nucleic acid testing per algorithm.
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HIV Antibody Differentiation
Supplemental immunoassay distinguishing HIV-1 from HIV-2 antibodies after a reactive Ag/Ab screen; the differentiation step in current CDC/WHO-aligned laboratory algorithms.
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HSV-1 / HSV-2 Antibodies
Type-specific HSV glycoprotein G (gG) IgG serology; documents exposure to HSV-1 and/or HSV-2; not the first-line test for acute genital lesion diagnosis.
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Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
Quantitative serum IgA; important in mucosal immunity assessment and selective IgA deficiency detection.
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Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
Quantitative serum IgG; major circulating antibody class assessed in immunodeficiency, immune activation, and monoclonal protein workups.
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Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Quantitative serum IgM; pentameric immunoglobulin assessed in immunodeficiency, hyper-IgM states, and selected infection workups.
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Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA)
Blood test measuring IFN-γ release after stimulation with MTB-specific peptides (e.g., QuantiFERON, T-SPOT); supports latent tuberculosis infection testing.
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Measles Serology
Measles (rubeola) IgM/IgG serology; supports diagnosis of acute measles (IgM) and immunity assessment (IgG); public-health notification often required.
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Mumps Serology
Mumps IgM/IgG serology; adjunct for mumps diagnosis and immunity; PCR from buccal swab preferred for acute cases.
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Procalcitonin
Peptide precursor of calcitonin used as an adjunct marker in bacterial infection/sepsis pathways; cutoffs are assay- and protocol-specific.
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Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Autoantibody directed against Fc portion of IgG; supportive serology in rheumatoid arthritis workups; nonspecific and method-dependent.
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RPR
Rapid Plasma Reagin nontreponemal test; common syphilis screen and titer assay; requires treponemal confirmation.
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Rubella IgG
Rubella IgG; immunity/serostatus marker widely used in prenatal screening.
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Rubella IgM
Rubella virus IgM; supports recent rubella infection; false positives occur, so IgG avidity and epidemiology matter in pregnancy.
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Specific IgE
Allergen-specific IgE immunoassay (e.g., ImmunoCAP) detecting sensitization to defined allergen extracts or components; correlates with, but does not alone prove, clinical allergy.
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Tissue Transglutaminase IgA
IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase; first-line celiac disease serology when IgA deficiency is excluded.
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TORCH Profile
Panel term for selected congenital infection serologies (commonly Toxoplasma, Other/Syphilis, Rubella, CMV, HSV); order as defined locally; interpret each analyte with pregnancy algorithms.
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Total IgE
Quantitative total serum immunoglobulin E; allergy and selected parasitic/immunodeficiency contexts; does not identify allergen specificity.
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Toxoplasma IgG
Toxoplasma gondii IgG; documents past infection; avidity helps date infection when IgM is also reactive.
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Toxoplasma IgM
Toxoplasma gondii IgM; suggests possible recent infection but false positives are common; confirm with IgG avidity and reference testing in pregnancy.
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TPHA
Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay; specific treponemal test confirming syphilis exposure; usually remains positive for life.
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Treponemal Immunoassay (EIA/CIA)
Automated treponemal EIA/CIA detecting T. pallidum antibodies; commonly the first-line test in reverse-sequence syphilis screening algorithms.
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Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibodies
VZV IgG (± IgM) serology; primarily documents immunity to varicella; IgM is limited for diagnosing zoster.
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VDRL
Nontreponemal flocculation test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory); used on serum and, importantly, CSF for neurosyphilis evaluation; quantitative titers monitor response.
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Widal Test
Tube or slide agglutination for Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi O and H agglutinins; limited specificity/sensitivity; interpret cautiously and prefer culture/NAAT where available.
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β2-Glycoprotein I Antibodies
Anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgG/IgM immunoassays; core antiphospholipid antibody solid-phase tests alongside anticardiolipin.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about using this Immunology & Serology laboratory test catalogue Medical Laboratory Library reference in Medical Laboratory Science education.
What Immunology & Serology laboratory tests are in this catalogue?
This Medical Laboratory Library catalogue lists published Immunology & Serology laboratory tests for rapid reference lookup, including specimen, method, reference values, and interpretation sections where available.
How should Medical Laboratory Science students use this Immunology & Serology library?
Use it as a medical laboratory reference while studying Immunology & Serology. Look up a test quickly, then continue into Academy lessons or medical laboratory quizzes for deeper learning.
What information appears on each laboratory test page?
Each published page is structured for lookup: overview, clinical importance, specimen requirements, analytical method, reference values, interpretation, clinical significance, related laboratory tests, and references when present.
Are these laboratory reference values universal?
No. Laboratory reference values depend on method and population. Confirm intervals with your institutional laboratory protocols before clinical use.
How do I find related Immunology & Serology Academy lessons?
Open an individual laboratory test page for Continue learning links, or visit the Immunology & Serology Academy discipline pathway for structured Medical Laboratory Science courses.
Can I search within this discipline?
Return to the Laboratory Library hub search, or browse the cards in this catalogue by test name. The hub search covers laboratory tests across disciplines.
Is this catalogue a medical laboratory encyclopedia only?
This discipline catalogue focuses on laboratory tests. The broader Library also includes additional reference collections such as cells, markers, and foundational topics.